Sculpture is an expression of the relationship between media and space. It invokes our senses, as often sculpture or assemblage occupies a physical three-dimensional space, much the same way as people do.

Context

In this unit, it was my aim to allow for student self-expression of form through an activity that focused on colour, contrast, balance, line and shape, but also on problem-solving and thinking skills. The unit was planned to also engage students in both paired and individual work settings.

Unit outcomes:

• to identify and describe a variety of media used in three dimensional sculpture
  
• to develop an understanding of art principles such as balance, contrast, unity and proportion
  
• to further develop student understanding of the elements of design such as line, shape and colour
• to develop an understanding of organic shape composition
  
• to accurately apply adhesive techniques
  
• to problem solve and overcome issues of balance and free standing
  
• to use line to reflect pattern
  
• to accurately apply paint in a clean crisp manner
  
• to accurately use papier mache techniques to suit varying situations

Prior to commencement of the task, students looked at and responded to various three dimensional forms. We discussed the works of Debra Helpin, Augustine Dall'Ava , Rose Nolan and Robert Klippel. We also looked at the organic qualities of nature's own formations, such sea urchins and sea stars, and the wonderfully whimsical works of artist Bronwyn Oliver.

Students were shown the media that they could use within their sculptures, and they then completed a series of quick drawings reinforcing organic shapes.

Process

1. Students were given a large balloon. They were to inflate it as much as possible.

2. Demonstrate papier mache technique. We used the method of smearing glue on to the table and then placing pre-torn newspaper strips on to the glue, wiping with flat palms, and then placing it on to the balloon. Due to the large size of the balloon, students worked in pairs.

3. After the completion of 6-7 newspaper layers, students chose their preferred coloured tissue. This was applied over the newspapered form. It is important to note that the tissue paper must be 3-4 sheets thick to avoid tearing and scrunching.

4. Once dry, students hot-glued cones, cylinders and rolled cardboard into place ensuring that their form was free-standing. Masking tape was applied to reinforce the join.

5. Students then continued to apply papier mache. It is important to reinforce to students the need to focus on the join between the additions and the balloon- covered surface.

6. Using black or white Vipond paints, students painted their additions and other selected areas of their form. It was important to point out to them at this stage to paint unifying/ organic-shaped areas so that the aesthetic was maintained.

7. Students then used the opposite colour to paint in patterned areas using very fine brushes. Shaped areas were outlined using glue brushes. Emphasize at this stage the need to load the brush with paint, to work softly so that the paint flows into the texture valleys created by papier macheing with tissue, and to only travel a short distance before re-dipping.

8. When completed and dry, brush over diluted P.V.A so as to give it a glossy appearance.

Reflection

From a teacher's perspective, this was a fantastic unit. Although its duration was 8 weeks, students maintained a very high level of engagement and discipline. It was great to see students working independently, to listen to the cross-pollination of ideas and problem-solving applications, and to witness their enjoyment and satisfaction with the finished product.

At the end of the project, I asked them as artists to write a reflection on their work. Would they recommend this activity to be repeated again with next year's Year 5 students? This is how some students responded:

Yes, because they need to know how to build stuff. They might be house-builders one day.

Yes, because it was fun, challenging and interesting. You also have to think about what you do.

Yes, because it is a good activity for expressing people's personality and nature.

Yes, it was really interesting to see the way other people designed their forms.

Copyright 2004 Zart Art & Zart Education Service